Earthquakes occur when the surface of the Earth is shaken violently. In the outermost layer of the Earth, movements are responsible for the shaking.
Earthquakes: Why Do They Happen?
While the Earth may appear to be fairly solid from the surface, it is actually extremely active underneath. Four basic layers make up the Earth: the crust, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. There is a region within the mantle called the lithosphere that consists of solid crust and a stiff layer on top of the mantle. There isn’t a continuous lithosphere that covers the whole Earth like an eggshell. Tectonic plates are like giant puzzle pieces that form the crust. A layer of viscous, or slow-flowing, mantle beneath tectonic plates is constantly shifting. As a result of this non-stop movement, the crust of the Earth is stressed. There are cracks called faults when the stresses are too great. There is also movement at faults when tectonic plates move. Fault lines cause earthquakes by forcing Earth’s crust to move suddenly.
What Are The Best Methods For Measuring Earthquakes?
During an earthquake, vibrations called seismic waves travel through the Earth. Seismometers are instruments that enable scientists to measure seismic waves. In seismometers, seismic waves are detected below the instrument and recorded as zig-zag patterns. Using information recorded by seismometers, scientists can determine when, where, and how strong an earthquake was. Also included in this record are details about the rocks through which the seismic waves travelled.
The NCM Report States:
According to the UAE’s National Centre of Meteorology (NCM), Iran experienced an earthquake on Tuesday morning. The quake was recorded at 10.05am (UAE time) in the south of Iran and measured 5.1 on the Richter scale. According to Iranian news agencies, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake struck Iran on Saturday night local time, causing three deaths and more than 800 injuries.
It was reported that the earthquake hit Khoy, in the northwest Iranian province of West Azerbaijan, at 9:44 p.m. It cited the Tehran-based Iranian Seismological Center for the report.
Earthquake With One Of The Highest Levels Of Destruction In History,
The Rasht-Qazvin-Zanjan area, Iran, suffered extensive damage and landslides and killed an estimated 40,000 to 50,000 people. More than 60,000 people were injured. There were nearly no buildings left standing in Rudbar-Manjil. In Khalkhal and Now Shahr, there was substantial damage, while in Tehran there was only slight damage. Several northwestern Iranian cities, including Arak, Bakhtaran, and Tabriz, have been affected. Astra and Lenkoran in southern Azerbaijan, USSR suffered some damage, as did Dzhibrail, Lerik, Mossony and Yardyshny in the USSR.
A Complex Event Occurred In Baku, USSR,
A 30 km northeast of Thessaloniki was the focal point of the earthquake. There were at least 50 deaths and many injuries in Thessaloniki, as well as extensive damage. Southern Yugoslavia and Bulgaria were affected by the shock. One person died from a heart attack and 16 people were injured in the July 4 aftershock; the largest one, a magnitude 4.8, damaged buildings already damaged by the earthquake.
There was also a 5.1 magnitude earthquake registered by the US Geological Survey (USGS). Residents in West Azerbaijan Province were concerned about the tremor because it was felt in many regions. “Several cities, including Tabriz in East Azerbaijan’s neighboring province, felt the earthquake,” IRNA said.
Getting Back On Track After The Earthquake:
Earthquake Recovery Project: Implementation Completion Report (ICR). Through the proposed project, economic recovery would be promoted
- Assisting Iran to establish an effective construction management framework.
- Assisting the Iranian scientific community to develop long-term measures for seismic risk mitigation and prevention; improving seismic design standards in the reconstruction of housing.
- Ensuring greater efficiency and economy through international procurement.
- Ensuring greater efficiency and economy through international procurement.
- Providing Iran with a portion of the required foreign exchange to finance its Earthquake Emergency Reconstruction Program (EERP).
As A Result Of This Phase,
The performance of the Bank was highly satisfactory. A satisfactory performance was achieved by the Borrower on the whole. This project yielded the following key lessons:
- Despite several procurement and disbursement seminars being organized at the start-up phase to make sure the implementing agencies were familiar with the Bank’s procurement policies. It was noted that problems persisted.
- The Bank should consider how to make funds available as soon as possible.
- Ensuring that implementing agencies are staffed with highly competent staff who have experience implementing projects.
- Housing reconstruction through self-help was very efficient.
- Farmers are provided with agricultural machinery and equipment at a price including maintenance costs, so that they can properly maintain the equipment, which usually has a lifetime that exceeds the depreciation period, which is typically 5 to 10 years.
Providing Assistance:
The Iranian School in Abu Dhabi collected relief goods worth Dh160,000 and raised more than Dh25,000 for the victims of the Iranian earthquake. Ahmed Iskandari, the school’s principal, said students and their parents contributed more than 20,000 dirhams, while teachers donated 5,500 dirhams. Iskandari told Gulf News that students, their parents, and teachers responded spontaneously. Both cash and relief goods continue to flow without interruption.
The School Also Received Cash Donations, But Referred The Donors To Relief Organizations,
It has been decided to open three bank accounts. The following bank accounts can be used to make donations: Bank Milli Iran, account number 4044; Bank Saderat Iran, Dubai, account number 5000; and Bank Saderat Iran, Abu Dhabi branch, account number 7270.
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